Hello Nature readers,
Today we discover Neanderthal ‘fat factories’, learn that an interstellar object is about to whip through the neighbourhood and hear why some animal mimics don’t need to be very good at it.

Neanderthals boiled bones in ‘fat factories’

Archaeologists have uncovered evidence that Neanderthals rendered fat from bones 125,000 years ago — 100,000 years earlier than oldest known fat rendering by modern humans. Thousands of bone fragments and other remains from Neumark-Nord in Germany suggest a large-scale operation in which animals were purposely transported to the area. “The social organization might be different, the technology might be different, but how you have to live in such a landscape to make your living and to survive and prosper is absolutely comparable to modern hunter-gatherers,” says zooarchaeologist and study co-author Lutz Kindler.

Name-change law hurts Japanese scientists

Japan’s unique legal requirement that couples share the same family name after marriage causes a host of problems for female scientists. A survey of more than 7,500 researchers revealed that the law creates confusion when obtaining patents, qualifications and grants; when travelling abroad and when it comes to attributing their whole body of work. The century-old law doesn’t dictate which party must change their name, but in practice, the rule overwhelmingly affects women — 95% of married women in Japan legally change their name to their husband’s.

Tunnelling ramps up quantum weirdness

A “tour de force” experiment has revealed yet another mind-bending outcome of quantum physics. Quantum tunnelling — when a particle skips through a barrier that classical physics would forbid — happens faster when objects have less energy. The counter-intuitive result contributes to a long-standing debate about how to define tunnelling time, for which there is no single description, and how fast the process occurs.

Duck! Interstellar object will zip past Mars

Only the third known interstellar object to enter our Solar System will swing so close to Mars that it might be visible to the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. (No need to worry: it will not come close to Earth.) The comet-like body — called either C/2025 N1 or 3I/ATLAS — is now flying past Jupiter. Astronomers will have their telescopes glued to the visitor for information about the conditions where it formed and how many such objects might be out there.

Futures: science fiction from Nature

A miner learns to appreciate the beauty of home in Wherever we go in this system, there we are.

Five best science books this week

Andrew Robinson’s pick of the top five science books to read this week includes an exploration of real-life zombies and a call to replace gross domestic product with a more accurate measure of economic success.

Why some animal mimics are just OK

Some creatures have evolved to mimic the appearance of another organism that’s less palatable to predators — but in some cases, this mimicry is more of a poor imitation. For example, some hoverflies look similar to, but not exactly like, wasps. So why haven’t they gone the whole nine yards? To find out, researchers 3D printed a range of wasp-like insects and presented them to predators. They found that birds quickly learned how to discern the real wasp models from the mimics, but invertebrate predators were more easily fooled. The results suggest that the types of predator in an organism’s environment play a part in how good a copycat they need to become.