A study in the journal Nature Medicine found that metabolic surgery may offer long-term health benefits, including lower risk of death, compared with GLP-1 agonists in patients with obesity and diabetes. Bariatric surgery was associated with a 32% lower risk of death, a 47% lower risk of nephropathy and a 35% lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. "Surgery should not be reserved as a last resort," said researcher Dr. Ali Aminian.

Low-income individuals show a higher prevalence of eating disorders, challenging the stereotype that these disorders affect only the affluent, according to a study in JAMA Network Open. The research notes that food insecurity can lead to unhealthy eating patterns and mental health issues, and experts warn that recent cuts to nutrition programs could exacerbate the situation.

Researchers in the Netherlands are examining the impact of altering the texture of ultra-processed foods on energy intake. The study, published in Nutrition Bulletin, involves two 14-day diet phases during which participants consume hard-textured and soft-textured ultra-processed foods in random order to assess changes in energy intake and metabolic outcomes.

Introducing blueberries as one of an infant's first solid foods may enhance immune function and gut health, according to a study published in Frontiers in Nutrition. The research shows that infants consuming freeze-dried blueberry powder experience improved allergy symptoms, reduced inflammation and beneficial changes in gut microbiota.

Eli Lilly and Co. said its orforglipron outperformed oral semaglutide in reducing A1C and weight in patients with type 2 diabetes, according to top-line results from the ACHIEVE-3 trial. Lilly plans to seek regulatory approval in 2026.

Eli Lilly and Co. and Novo Nordisk are set to introduce oral obesity drugs in the US next year pending regulatory approval. These daily pills are expected to broaden the use of GLP-1 medications being administered as weekly injections.

Medtronic reported three-year real-world data showing improved glycemic control with the MiniMed 780G automated insulin delivery system. The findings, presented at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes meeting in Vienna, showed a rise in time-in-range for patients with Type 1 diabetes, reaching 78.6% and remaining stable over 36 months.

The FDA has issued 40 untitled letters and 100 cease-and-desist notices to drugmakers and telehealth companies, saying their advertisements are misleading or deceptive. Among the companies that received letters were Hims & Hers, which markets compounded weight-loss drugs.