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Good afternoon, and welcome to Globe Climate, a newsletter about climate change, environment and resources in Canada.

Another year of the United Nations climate change summit has come and gone. Today we’ll take a look at how things came to a close.

Now, let’s catch you up on other news.

1. Analysis: Pipeline mania is distracting from what the talks between Ottawa and Alberta could actually achieve
2. Policy: G20 leaders release declaration on climate change and debt, defying U.S. pressure
3. Pollution: North Bay residents file lawsuit alleging ‘forever chemicals’ contaminated wells
4. Electric vehicles: B.C. plans to lower EV sales mandate to achievable levels, minister says
5. Science: Is this the moment Canada gets serious about science and the economy?
6. Style: The end of the Big Winter Coat? How Canada’s outerwear market is adapting to a changing climate
7. Major projects: Alaska tribal nations demand a say on Canadian resource projects

For this week’s deeper dive, a look at some of what happened at COP30, held in Brazil’s Amazon city of Belem.

The UN’s climate summit came to a close on Friday (well actually, Saturday, since it went into overtime). Let’s take a brief look into some of what we missed.

The deal

The agreement landed in overtime after two weeks of contentious negotiations, as it often does. And not everyone is happy with the outcome, as is often the case.

Brazil’s COP30 presidency pushed through a compromise climate deal that would boost finance for poor nations coping with global warming but that omitted any mention of the fossil fuels driving it.

Developing countries have argued they urgently need funds to adapt to impacts that are already hitting, like rising sea levels and worsening heat waves, droughts, floods and storms. The deal calls for rich nations to at least triple the amount of money they provide to help developing countries adapt to a warming world by 2035.

The summit also launches a voluntary (yes, meaning not everyone will participate) initiative to speed up climate action to help nations meet their existing pledges to reduce emissions.

The science

Nearly three-fourths of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions since 2020 have come from coal, oil and gas. An International Energy Agency report midway through the summit said that demand for these fuels is likely to rise through 2050, reversing expectations of a rapid shift to clean energy.

But by sidelining fossil fuels and emissions targets at the conference, some argue that COP30 ignored the alarm bells being rung by scientists.

It also meant the result was similar to Egypt’s COP27 and Azerbaijan’s COP29, where countries agreed to spend more money to address climate dangers while ignoring their primary cause. Instead of being historic, this year’s conference could continue to erode confidence in future talks.

The unity

Countries agreed on something: The need to show global unity in climate talks.

But the absence of the United States loomed large. The world’s largest historic emitter and top economy declined to send a formal delegation as President Donald Trump declared global warming a hoax and efforts to combat it a competitive liability.

This year, the European Union had pushed hard for language clarifying the world’s transition away from fossil fuels but ended up giving in to demands to keep it out, led by Saudi Arabia, whose Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman had just been warmly received at the White House.