Nearly 70 years ago Charles de Gaulle told the German chancellor that the Americans are “not reliable, not very solid and understand nothing about history or Europe”. Europe has mostly benefited from ignoring de Gaulle’s warning. But now, as our Charlemagne column explains, they have the irritating feeling that the French leader may have been right after all.

Buttonwood, our column on financial markets, asks an intriguing question: can the computer chips underlying artificial intelligence be turned into securities that people can invest in? The obstacles are large, but the benefits could also be great.

And tune in to The Insider, which examines the costs to Vladimir Putin of continuing his war in Ukraine, and the reasons why he is reluctant to end it. It will be available from 6pm London time.